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- ESSAY, Page 126Kidnapping the Brainchildren
-
-
- By Lance Morrow
-
-
- A story that haunts me:
-
- The book critic for a newspaper plagiarized an old essay of
- mine. Someone sent the thing to me. There on the page, under
- another man's name, my words had taken up a new life -- clause
- upon clause, whole paragraphs transplanted. My phrases ambled
- along dressed in the same meanings. The language gesticulated
- as before. It argued and whistled and waved to friends. It acted
- very much at home. My sentences had gone over into a parallel
- universe, which was another writer's work. The words mocked me
- across the distance, like an ex-wife who shows up years later
- looking much the same but married to a gangster. The thoughts
- were mine, all right. But they were tricked up as another man's
- inner life, a stranger's.
-
- Coming upon my own words, now alienated, I was amused,
- amazed, flattered, outraged, spooked -- and in a moment, simply
- pained: I learned that after the article was published, the
- plagiarist had been found out, by someone else, not me, and had
- committed suicide.
-
- I do not know what to make of his death, or of my bizarre
- and passive implication in it: the man died of the words that
- he stole from me, or he died of shame. Or something more
- complex; I cannot say. Maybe he killed himself for other reasons
- entirely. But his death has a sad phosphorescence in my mind.
-
- Strange: we know that plagiarism may be fatal to reputation.
- But it is seldom so savage that it actually kills the writer.
- Plagiarism is usually too squalid and minor to take a part in
- tragedy; maybe that was the suicide's true shame, the
- grubbiness. Plagiarism proclaims no majestic flaw of character
- but a trait, pathetic, that makes you turn aside in
- embarrassment. It belongs to the same rundown neighborhood as
- obscene phone calls or shoplifting.
-
- That is why it is hard to make sense of the information that
- Martin Luther King Jr. was guilty of plagiarism a number of
- times in the course of his academic career. How could it be that
- King, with his extraordinary moral intelligence, the man who
- sought the transformation of the American soul at the level of
- its deepest wrong (race), could commit that trashy offense, not
- once but many times?
-
- Character is unexpected mystery. King wrote his doctoral
- dissertation about the theologians Henry Nelson Wieman and Paul
- Tillich and plagiarized passages from an earlier student's
- dissertation. Tillich, one of the great theologians of the 20th
- century, also had secrets, including a taste for pornography and
- many women not his wife.
-
- I believe in the Moping Dog doctrine. Ralph Waldo Emerson
- wrote about the inconsistencies of human behavior: "It seems as
- if heaven had sent its insane angels into our world as to an
- asylum, and here they will break out in their native music and
- utter at intervals the words they have heard in heaven; then the
- mad fit returns and they mope and wallow like dogs."
-
- Part of the mystery is that King had no need to plagiarize.
- He dealt himself a gratuitous wound. And what he lifted from
- others, or failed to attribute, tended to be pedestrian -- a
- moping prose.
-
- Plagiarism at least proclaims that some written words are
- valuable enough to steal. If the language is magnificent, the
- sin is comprehensible: the plagiarist could not resist. But what
- if the borrowed stuff is a flat, lifeless mess -- the road kill
- of passing ideas? In that case there is less risk, but surely
- no joy at all. (Does the plagiarist ever feel joy?) Safer to
- steal the duller stones. None but the dreariest specialists will
- remember them or sift for them in the muck.
-
- The Commandments warn against stealing, against bearing
- false witness, against coveting. Plagiarius is kidnapper in
- Latin. The plagiarist snatches the writer's brainchildren,
- pieces of his soul. Plagiarism gives off a shabby metaphysic.
- Delaware's Senator Joseph Biden, during the 1988 presidential
- primaries, expanded the conceptual frontier by appropriating not
- just the language of British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock
- but also of his poignant Welsh coal-mining ancestors. Biden
- transplanted the mythic forebears to northeastern Pennsylvania.
- He conjured them coming up out of the mines to play football.
- "They read poetry and wrote poetry and taught me how to sing
- verse." A fascinating avenue: the romantic plagiarist reinvented
- himself and his heritage entirely. He jumped out of his own skin
- and evicted his ancestors from theirs as well.
-
- Why plagiarize? Out of some clammy hope for fame, for a
- grade, for a forlorn fix of approbation. Out of dread of a
- deadline, or out of sheer neurotic compulsion. Plagiarism is a
- specialized mystery. Or the mystery may be writing itself. Many
- people cannot manage it. They borrow. Or they call up a
- term-paper service.
-
- The only charming plagiarism belongs to the young.
- Schoolchildren shovel information out of an encyclopedia.
- Gradually they complicate the burglary, taking from two or three
- reference books instead of one. The mind (still on the wrong
- side of the law) then deviously begins to intermingle passages,
- reshuffle sentences, disguise raw chunks from the Britannica,
- find synonyms, reshape information until it becomes something
- like the student's own. A writer, as Saul Bellow has said, "is
- a reader moved to emulation." Knowledge transforms theft. An
- autonomous mind emerges from the sloughed skin of the
- plagiarist.
-
- There is a certain symmetry of the childish in the King
- case. Something childish in King's student mind was still
- copying out of encyclopedias, just as something immature in his
- sexual development had him going obsessively after women. And
- something childish in every mind rejects imperfection in heroes.
- King's greatness came from somewhere else entirely, a deeper
- part of the forest. No character is flawless, and if it were
- flawless, that would be its flaw. Everything in nature, Emerson
- wrote, is cracked.
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